Audio (Podcast)
Format:
Writer, producer, or host. (Job role). (Date produced or posted). Title of podcast or audio recording [Type of Work]. Publisher. URL
Example:
Spiegel, A., & Rosin, H. (Hosts). (2015-present). Invisibilia [Audio podcast]. NPR. http://www.npr.org/programs/invisibilia/
Rosenberg, J. (Producer). (2019, March 5). The known unknown (No. 344) [Audio podcast episode]. In 99% invisible. https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/the-known-unknown/
Images (Online)
Format:
Author or Artist if available. (Year image was created). Title of work [Type of Work]. URL
Example:
Zell, H. (2019). Los Dragos Gemelos - Breña Alta - La Palma [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Los_Dragos_Gemelos_-_Bre%C3%B1a_Alta_-_La_Palma_02.jpg
Images (No Author/No Title/No Date)
Format:
[Description of image]. (n.d.). [Type of Work]. URL
Example:
[Untitled image of a chest]. (n.d.). [X-ray photograph]. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chest-x-rays/multimedia/chest-x-ray/img-20006961
Film or Video
Recording
Format:
Director's last name, first name. (Director). (Year of release). Title of work [Type of media]. Publisher. URL
Example:
Sciamma, C. (Director). (2014). Girlhood [Film; DVD]. Arte France Cinéma.
Tip:
The director should be credited as the author of a film. If the director is unknown, substitute producer or someone in a similar role.
It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film (e.g. in a theater, on DVD, streaming online), though you may include the format in square brackets.
(APA Manual, 10.2, 84).
TV Series or Episode
TV Series
Format:
Executive Producer last name, first name. (Executive Producer). (Date). Title of work [Type of media]. Production Company. URL (if available)
Example:
Murphy, R. Falchuk, B. & Canals, S. (Executive Producers). (2018-present). Pose [TV series]. Color Force; 20th Television.
TV Series Episode or Webisode
Format:
Writer, W. W. (Writer), & Director, D. D. (Director). (Original air date). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [Description]. In P. P. Producer (Executive Producer), Title of TV series. Production Company.
Example:
Natoli, A. (Writer), Prepon, L. (Director). (2018, July 27). Well this took a dark turn (Season 6, Episode 11) [TV series episode]. In J. Kohan, & T. Herrmann (Executive Producers), Orange is the new black. Lionsgate Television, Netflix Streaming Services.
Tip:
The director should be credited as the author of a film. If the director is unknown, substitute producer or someone in a similar role.
It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film (e.g. in a theater, on DVD, streaming online), though you may include the format in square brackets.
(APA Manual, 10.12)
Software & Mobile Apps
Format:
Author, A. A. or name of group (Date year). Title of work (Version number if available). [Description]. Publisher or App Store. URL
Example:
Lauer, K. (1999). Pathophysiology [Computer software]. Springhouse Corp.
Linearity GmbH (2019) Vectornator X (Version 3.1.2). [Mobile app]. App Store. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/vectornator-x-vector-art/id1219074514
Tip:
Common software such as Microsoft Office and common mobile apps such as Facebook and Instagram do not need to be included in citations, but can instead be mentioned in the text of your paper or research.
(APA Manual, 10.10)